Athbheochan na Gaeilge – Amlíne

Gaelic Revival – Timeline

1858 – Lá le Pádraig, bunaíodh Bráithreachas Phoblacht na hÉireann (BPE), eagraíocht fé rún agus fé mhionn, de chuid na bhFíníní a bhí meáite ar Phoblacht na hÉireann a bhaint amach ar ais nó ar éigean, go foiréigeanach más gá.1 Ba mhachairí méithe earcaíochta eagraíochtaí ar nós Chonradh na Gaeilge agus Chumann Lúthchleas Gael don BPE ar ball.

1858 – St Patrick’s Day, founding of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), a secret, oath-bound Fenian organisation committed to achieving an Irish republic, by violent means if necessary.1 It later regards movements such as the Gaelic League and the GAA as ideal recruiting grounds.

1884 – 1 Mí na Samhna, bunaíodh Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG).2

1884 – 1st November, founding of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). 2

1888 – Ceapadh an tAthair Pádraig Ó Mhuirthile ina Shagart Paróiste i mBéal Átha ‘n Ghaorthaidh, agus tugann fé ndeara meath a bheith ag teacht ar labhairt na Gaelainne sa dúthaigh.

1888 – Fr Hurley appointed as Parish Priest in Ballingeary – notices a decline in the use of the language.

1890-91 – treascairt Charles Stewart Parnell de bharr a chaidrimh lasmuigh dá phósadh le Kitty O’ Shea – scoilteann An Páirtí um Rialtas Dúchais.3

1890-91 – downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell over his affair with Kitty O’Shea – split in the Home Rule party. 3

1893 – Bunaíodh Conradh na Gaeilge, fé cheannas Dhubhghlas de hÍde. Cúram neamhpholaitiúil, dar leis, toisc gur chreid sé go raibh teacht in sa chultúr ar an muintearas a chneasóidh na scoilteanna reiligiúnda in Éirinn.4 Chuaigh cuid mhaith den ghlúin úd a throidfeadh ar son Shaoirse na hÉireann leis an gConradh le himeacht aimsire.

1893 – Founding of Conradh Na Gaelige – the Gaelic League, led by Dhubhghlas de hÍde/Douglas Hyde. Hyde has a vision of the League as non-political because he thinks a shared interest in culture will reconcile sectarian divisions.4 As time goes by, many of the generation that led the struggle for Irish independence become members of the Gaelic League.

1894 – 22ú Mí Aibreáin, bunaíodh brainse Chorcaí de Chonradh na Gaeilge, le Liam de Róiste mar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí an bhrainse.5

1894 – 22nd April, founding of the Cork branch of the Gaelic League with Liam de Róiste as a founder member. 5

1895 – Bunaíodh Cumann Ealaíona agus Ceardaíochta na hÉireann6 – mar pháirt den Ghluaiseacht Ealaíona agus Ceardaíochta a bhí ag scaipeadh ar fuaid na hEorpa agus Meiriceá sna 1860í.

1895 – founding of the Arts and Crafts Society of Ireland6 – within the broader Arts and Crafts Movement which had been spreading across Europe and America from the 1860s.

1898 – Mí an Mhárta, Bunaíonn an tAthair Ó Mhuirthile brainse Bhéal Átha ‘n Ghaorthaidh de Conradh na Gaeilge.

1898 – March, Fr Hurley founds the Ballingeary branch of the Gaelic League.

1899 – an chéad eagrán den Claidheamh Soluis – nuachtán oifigiúil Chonradh na Gaeilge, fé eagarthóireacht Eoin Mhic Néill.7

1899 – first issue of Claidheamh Soluis (Sword of Light), the Gaelic League’s voice-piece, under the editorship of Eoin MacNeill.7

1901 – bunaíodh an Craobh an Chéitinnigh de Chonradh na Gaeilge i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhain Bráitheachas Phoblacht na hÉireann fómhar fairsing d’earcaigh as.8

1901 – founding of the Keating branch of the Gaelic League in Dublin; the branch acted as a fruitful recruiting ground for the IRB.8

1902 – 25ú Meán Fómhair – Rothaíonn Pádraig Mac Piarais trí Bhéal Átha ‘n Ghaorthaidh, thug tuairisc ar chaighdeán na Gaeilge mar a bhíothas á labhairt go háitiúil in alt dá chuid. Freastalaíonn sé ar thiomnú an aireagail a thóg an tAthair Ó Muirthile sa Ghuagán, séipéilín a lean sampla Eaglais Chormaic i gCaiseal Mumhan.

1902 – 25th September, Pádraig Mac Piarais/Pearse cycles through Ballingeary, commenting in an article on the quality of the Irish spoken locally. He attends the dedication of father Hurley’s Oratory in Gougane Barra, modeled after Cormac’s chapel, Rock of Cashel.

1903 – Tugann an tAthair Risteárd Ó Dálaigh ceachtanna Gaelainne i dTigh Ósta Uí Chróinín sa Ghuagán do scoláirí teangan ó cheann ceann na tíre.

1903 – Rev. Dr. Ó Dálaigh/O’Daly teaches Irish scholars from across Ireland at Gougane Barra, holding classes in Cronin’s Hotel.

1903 – 500 brainse ar fuaid na tíre a bhí ag Conradh na Gaeilge um an dtaca seo.9

1903 – by this time there are 500 affiliated Gaelic League branches around the country.9

1904 – 4ú Mí Iúil osclaíonn Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha’n Ghaorthaidh, a dhóirse don chéad uair.

1904 – 4th July, Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha’n Ghaorthaidh/Ballingeary, West Cork opens its doors for the first time.

1904 – 27ú Mí na Nollag – Oscailt Amharclann na Mainistreach le W.B. Yeats páirteach inti, ócáid a léiríonn an spéis i litríocht agus i mbéaloideas na hÉireann a bheith ag dul i méad.10

1904 – 27th December, opening of the Abbey Theatre with the involvement of W.B. Yeats, indicating the growing interest in Irish literature and Celtic folklore.10

1908 – Bunaíonn Pádraig Mac Piarais scoil dhátheangach do bhuacaillí, Scoil Éanna, i Tigh Cullenswood in Raghnallach, Baile Átha Cliath.11

1908 – founding of Pearse’s bilingual school for boys, Scoil Éanna, (St. Enda’s School) in Cullenswood House in Ranelagh, County Dublin. 11

1908 – Fén am so, áiritear 800 club ag CLG agus 671 brainse ag Conradh na Gaeilge in Éirinn.12 Tá na céadta eile i measc na nGael ar an gcoigríoch.

1908 – there are now 800 GAA clubs and 671 Gaelic League branches in Ireland;12 hundreds more among Irish emigrant communities abroad.

1909 – Cláraíonn 252 dalta i gColáiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha’n Ghaorthaidh, Iarthar Chorcaí.

1909 – 252 students enroll at Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha’n Ghaorthaidh, West Cork.

1913 – 11ú Mí na Samhna, bunaíodh Óglaigh na hÉireann.13

1913 – 11th November, Irish Volunteers founded.13

1913 – Mí na Samhna deireann Pádraig Mac Piarais: “Chuamar ar scoil i gConradh na Gaeilge. Ba mhaith an scoil í … ach ní hamhlaidh is áil linn fanacht inár mbuachaillí scoile.”14

1913 – November, Pádraig Pearse states: “We went to school in the Gaelic League. It was a good school . . . but we do not propose to remain schoolboys…”14

1914 – Aistríonn Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan go dtí foirgneamh níos mó (an halla sa lá atá inniu ann).

1914 – Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan moves to bigger premises (the present day Halla).

1915 – 29ú Mí Iúil; Glacann Coiste Gnótha an Chonartha leis an rún “Go gcuirfí ar ceal an tseanriail a dhearbhaigh seasamh neamhpholaitiúil na heagraíochta seo is go nglacfaí ina háit leasú a fhógraíonn Saoirse na hÉireann ar aidhmeanna an Chonartha.” Éiríonn Dubhghlas de hÍde as an uachtarántacht agus ceaptar Eoin Mac Néill ina ionad.15

1915 – July 29th, the Gaelic League’s executive committee, Coiste Gnótha, passes a motion: “the previous Gaelic League rule, that it be non-political, be abolished and a clause inserted stating that a free Ireland be included in the aims of the league”. Dubhghlas de hÍde/Douglas Hyde resigns and Eoin MacNeill becomes President. 15

1916 – Éirí Amach na Cásca, Baile Átha Cliath.

1916 – Easter Rising, Dublin.

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1 History Ireland [online]: https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-irish-republican-brotherhood/ (accessed 16/10/2020).

2 GAA [online]: https://www.gaa.ie/the-gaa/history/1884-1945(accessed 16/10/2020).

3 BBC [online]: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml (accessed 16/10/2020).

4 Your Irish [online]: https://www.yourirish.com/history/19th-century/the-foundation-of-the-gaelic-league-1893 (accessed 16/10/2020).

5 RTE [online]: https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/the-gaelic-league-and-the-1916-rising (accessed 14/10/2020).

6 Artist Biographies [online]: https://www.artbiogs.co.uk/2/societies/arts-crafts-society-ireland (accessed 16/10/2020).

7 Staire nah Eireann [online]: https://stairnaheireann.net/2019/03/17/otd-in-1899-first-issue-of-gaelic-leagues-an-claidheamh-soluis-is-published/ (accessed 13/10/2020).

8 The Irish Times, 24/07/2015 [online]: https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-irishman-s-diary-on-the-gaelic-league-and-the-irb-1.2294965 (accessed 16/10/2020).

9 RTE [online]: https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/the-gaelic-league-and-the-1916-rising (accessed 16/10/2020).

10 Abbey Theatre [online]: https://www.abbeytheatre.ie/about/history/ (accessed 16/10/2020).

11 Pearse Museum [online]: http://pearsemuseum.ie/st-endas/ (accessed 16/10/2020).

12 T.G. MacMahon, ‘The Gaelic Revival’ in J. Crowley, D. Ó Drisceoil, M. Murphy (eds), Atlas of the Irish Revolution (Cork: CUP, 2017), p.99.

13 History Ireland [online]: https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/founding-irish-volunteers/ (accessed 16/10/2020).

14 The Irish Times, 24/07/2015 [online]: https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-irishman-s-diary-on-the-gaelic-league-and-the-irb-1.2294965 (accessed 16/10/2020).

15 The Irish Times, 24/07/2015 [online]: https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-irishman-s-diary-on-the-gaelic-league-and-the-irb-1.2294965 (accessed 16/10/2020).